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Complete Guide to Antibiotics for B.Pharm Students

  🌟 Complete Guide to Antibiotics for B.Pharm Students Antibiotics are one of the most significant discoveries in modern medicine. Their ability to treat bacterial infections has saved countless lives. For B.Pharmacy students, a deep understanding of antibiotics is essential for future careers in pharmacy, research, or clinical practice. 📘 Definition Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms (or synthetically) that can inhibit the growth of or destroy other microorganisms, especially bacteria. 📌 Note: Antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. 🧪 Classification of Antibiotics Antibiotics can be classified based on different criteria: 1. Based on Spectrum of Activity Narrow-spectrum: Act against a limited group of bacteria. e.g., Penicillin G (Gram-positive only) Broad-spectrum: Act against a wide range of bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative). e.g., Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol 2. Based on Mode of Action Mechanism Example ...
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Tablet Manufacturing Process – A Detailed Guide for B. Pharma Students

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💊 Tablet Manufacturing Process – A Detailed Guide for B. Pharma Students 📌 What is a Tablet? A tablet is a solid dosage form containing one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients, compressed into a definite shape. Tablets are the most common oral dosage form due to their ease of administration , dose accuracy , stability , and low cost . 🏭 Major Steps in Tablet Manufacturing Tablet manufacturing typically follows these steps: 1. Dispensing (Weighing) First step in any formulation. All raw materials (API + excipients) are weighed accurately as per the master formula record (MFR) . Requires clean, calibrated balances and proper documentation. 2. Milling / Sieving Ensures uniform particle size for better mixing and compression. Materials are passed through sieves (commonly #40 or #60) using a multi-mill, hammer mill, or oscillating granulator . 💡 Tablet Manufacturing Methods There are three main techniques : ⚙️ A. Wet Gr...
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